Analysing the history of human relations movement

Analysing the history of human relations movement This assignment will analyse the human relations movement from when and how it was formed to its importance in management structure today. It will include relevant information about classical and scientific management providing an example of an organisation today. It will conclude with whether classical and scientific management has been eradicated by the human relations movement. To begin with the human relations movement focuses on the environment and conditions in which employees are expected to work; the attitude and behaviour within the workplace; the social relations between employees and managers and how satisfied the employee is in the workplace. All these factors can be motivators for employees to improve their job performance. The human relations movement according to Mullins (2002, p903) can be defined as A management approach based on the consideration of and attention to the social factors at work and the behaviour of employees within an organisation and the satisfaction of individuals needs through groups at work. Elton Mayo was the founder of the human relations movement which occurred during the 1920s and 1930s. The idea for the human relations movement came from conducting a series of experiments which became known famously as the Hawthorne studies, this was created as a result of these experiments and their findings. As a Harvard professor, Elton Mayo was employed by the Hawthorne plant of the American Western Electric Company in Chicago because of the low productivity of workers which took place between 1927 and 1932. There were four stages to the Hawthorne experiments; the illumination experiments, the relay assembly test room, the interviewing programme and the bank wiring observation room. During the illumination experiment stage lighting was used as a factor to analyse the productivity of the staff. The employees were arranged into two groups one of which was a control group and the other an experimental group. The control group had the same amount of lighting throughout whereas the experimental group had lighting constantly changing. In both groups productivity increased even when lighting conditions became poor. As the results were inconclusive other experiments were arranged on factors other than the changes in working conditions. The relay assembly test room was the next stage in which s ix women workers were assessed. Here they changed working hours, lunch times and rests. Their observer was also using a friendly approach, listening to the employees and their complaints. The production increased again and this is when Mayo recognised that it was the fact that they were given attention and noticed by management that the productivity increased. A crucial part in the Hawthorne experiments was the interviewing programme which assessed how the workers felt towards their supervisors. They used a non-directive approach and interviewers would listen in a friendly non-judgemental manner. This found out more about the employees feelings and attitudes with more specific information about the management, supervision, company, working relations and even the workers lives and views. These results showed that relationships with people have an effect on the workers attitudes which in turn affects the productivity. The bank wiring observation room was another experiment that took p lace, where fourteen men were chosen to work in an observation room with working conditions that changed slightly over six months or more. The group began to form their own organisation and rules with their own informal social relations. Mayos conclusion was that the changes had been made in consultation with the employees, and that this factor had been the determining influence on productivity, together with the fact that the employees had a good working relationship with their supervisors. (Sutherland Canwell, 2004, p202-203) An example of an organisation that uses the human relations movement today is Google. They avoid bureaucracy with their employees and allow them to use their own initiative. The managers work with the employees to create ideas which they find relevant and work on projects which they think are of importance. They employ people who want to succeed and therefore will work to the best of their ability to make Google a success allowing them the choice to make their own changes in order to feel more motivated. The employees look forward to the social aspects of the job and sharing ideas, they also get the benefit of good quality food and services such as massages. The human relations movement conflicted with Frederick Winslow Taylors scientific management theory since Mayo believed that there must be other ways to motivate workers other than strict working procedures, financial incentives and scientifically timed tasks. There was a breakthrough in scientific management in 1911within the peak of the industrial revolution when Taylor published The Principles of scientific management which described the four principles of Taylors theory. These were that jobs should be broken down into different parts; workers should be trained and scientifically selected; management should co-operate with employees to make sure the method is reinforced and there should be equal division of work between both managers and employees. The principle object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer (the development of every branch of the business to its highest state of excellence), coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee (Taylor, as quoted in Boddy Paton, 1998, p48) The main reason for scientific management was to introduce a sense of control and order within the working environment. Productivity took longer because parts were being produced individually. This also meant that unskilled workers had the ability to do jobs when trained correctly by managers. Taylor believed that employees were lazy and the only way to motivate them was through financial incentives. This theory was followed by three more theorists; Frank and Lilian Gilbreth along with Henry Gantt. This is still alive today and is used as a management structure in some industries. An example of where scientific management is used today is in call centres. The employees are regularly checked up on by their supervisors in order to motivate them to give a good standard of service. They record and listen to their employees conversations in order to keep them under control. The employees are also given a basic wage and commission on every sale they make; they get bonuses for meeting daily or weekly targets. Classical management is another earlier theory that was developed by Henri Fayol who was known as the father of modern management. Fayol, (as quoted in G.A. Cole, 1996, P12) defined management as to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control. His theory consisted of 14 principles which were division of work so that employees knew their duties, authority and responsibility to give clear and reasonable instructions; discipline to show authority and be firm with employees when necessary; unity of command so that employees know their job; unity of direction so companies have an understandable strategy; subordination so that the employees put their job responsibilities first; remuneration so that employees get paid a fair wage; centralisation so that the organisation has a main control area; scalar chain meaning employees know their job positions; order so that the company is organised; equity to provide equal opportunities; stability of personnel to provide employees with job security; initiative so that employees dont constantly need to be told what to do by management and espirit de corps where employees work as a team to show company spirit. An example of where classical management is used today is Costco, a wholesale warehouse chain selling merchandise at lower prices for purchase by businesses. The CEO Jim Sinegal works on the retail floor with the employees, running the business and paying employees 50 percent more than competitors; contributing even more for health benefits. The businesses earnings grow at a faster pace than its top competitors showing that classical management is still effective. Even though the human relations movement is the management structure most common in todays industries it has not eradicated classical and scientific management as there are some world famous companies which use them today and have become successful in doing so.

Integrated and Collaborative Working Essay

What is integrated and collaborative working and why is it so important in childhood practice? The numerous well-publicised child protection cases such as Baby P and Daniel Pelka have emphasized just what can happen when services fail to work collaboratively and this shows why integrated working and collaborative practice is vital and imperative. The outcomes of fatal accident enquiries, like the cases of the children mentioned, continually conclude that a lack of communication between agencies with regards to sharing of relevant information and concerns regarding vulnerable children are one factor which requires to be addressed. The idea behind multi-agency working is that children and families who may require additional assistance are supported effectively and efficiently, therefore minimising or even preventing any difficulties from arising. Children develop in different ways and achieve developmental stages at different rates therefore a diversity of skills and support from a ran ge of different professionals is required in order to successfully meet these needs. On 10th December 2008, the Scottish Government launched The Early Years Framework to highlight the importance of working in professional partnership to give children the best possible start in life. The Scottish Executive’s concern for social inclusion and desire to promote ‘joined up’ policies, an increased demand on services from service users and not to mention the focus on child-centeredness are just a few justifications for such a focus on and drive towards collaborative practice. The benefits of integrated working are enormous as all professionals implement a holistic approach, and working in partnership creates better quality services. Integrated working ensures early identification of any difficulties by efficient sharing of relevant information, thus ensuring that appropriate intervention can be delivered timely. Families also develop closer relationships with a variety of agencies throughout the stages of assessment/intervention resulting in better support and engagement of families, and subsequently the needs of the child are more likely to be met. Another benefit is that the more collaborative working that is carried out between agencies, the more knowledge is transferred between professionals allowing for a more well-informed and proficient team around the child. This could also potentially reduce the need for more specialised services. By working in a collaborative way it also allows for critical reflection allowing all agencies to participate in decision-making while refining their  knowledge. With that being said, we are faced with a number of barriers that can often make integrated working less than simple. These can include poor communication both within and between agencies, and to some degree a lack of uncertainties in roles and responsibilities, inconsistencies regarding legisla tion, confidentiality and the sharing of information. Funding streams are often a barrier to collaborative working. One which I can relate to in my workplace is little to no access to IT equipment and/or compatible systems which would facilitate sharing of information. Some research has been carried out in relation to personality traits within teams and Belbin’s team roles theory shows the importance of recognising the strengths and weaknesses of individuals utilizing the strengths of each person in order to create a productive and efficient team, a clearly beneficial factor in collaborative working. While utilizing the strengths, it is important to manage the weaknesses suggesting that an unbalanced team could just as likely become a barrier. The importance of collaborative working can be seen in the example of a Speech and Language Therapist (SLT). This professional works in close partnership with children and their families, not to mention other professionals. Their job is to assess children with speech, language and communica tion difficulties or those with difficulties eating, drinking or swallowing. Communication is an important part of child development which affects every other area of progression. SLT are an invaluable link between education and health as they are skilled at identifying potential underlying difficulties/disorders. There are many factors an SLT has to consider including the impact these difficulties have on the child’s life and the urgency of such a referral. Integrated working is crucial as professionals gain a full family history, thorough assessment of every aspect of the child’s life, and pull this together into a formulation about the child’s difficulties and how they are being maintained. If such a comprehensive assessment was not available then an SLT could potentially arrive at an inaccurate formulation of a child’s difficulties due to incomplete information which other agencies may hold. The significance of effective integrated working is clear in this case, as the barriers previously discussed can make the job of Speech and Language Therapists very difficult as an inaccurate formulation may result in serious implications for a child’s intervention. An Educational Psychologist is another professional  that heavily relies on effective integrated working. The purpose of these professionals is to work with children and young people who are having difficulties with achieving their learning potential. Gone are the days where the only rationale for such issues was innate condition of the child which required treating. Instead psychologists are considering the need for adjustments in certain external influences such as environment, curriculum and peers as well as internal factors like child resilience as possible solutions to such difficulties. This does not undermine the possibility of organic causes such as autism etc. Their role is vital in supporting children, families, and educators whereby children are not achieving their maximum level of educational attainment for whatever reason (be it social, emotional, familial, or academically) and educational psychologists must work with many different agencies in order to gain a full and clear assessment of all potential factors and causes. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory explains how lives are affected by people and events around us, further evidence that psychologists have good reason to believe that certain difficulties children face are in fact to do with these external influences. Bronfenbrenner’s theory is based on five levels of social interaction and its effects. The first level, Microsystem is based on the most direct interactions. Family, peers, school, work or the area in which an individual lives. Mesosystem follows and includes the relationships between microsystems. Next is Exosystem which involves the connections with a social environment in which the individual doesn’t have direct interaction. Macrosystem is the influence of culture, religion, traditions and media. These differ and conflict in different countries. The fifth level Chronosystem consists of the significant events that occur in an individual’s life, such as getting married or divorced etc. Bronfenbrenner believed that the influence of environmental factors was paramount in shaping the development of children from childhood to adulthood. The Scottish Executive published ‘It’s everyone’s job to make sure I’m alright’ (2002). The focus of this child protection review was an audit of the practice of police, medical, nursing, social work, children’s reporter, and education staff concluding that everyone has a duty and role in safeguarding and ensuring the welfare of children. The audit was based on a sample of 188 cases which covered the range of possible concerns about children from early  identification of vulnerability to substantiated abuse or neglect (both of which are significantly detrimental to childhood development). Neglect and abuse can be deemed as the environmental influences suggested by Bronfenbrenner that manipulate a child’s progression. In many cases the audit found that children were not receiving the services they required and many could not access services such as health care if their parents/carers did not cooperate. This highlights the importance of integrated and collaborative practice and the need for sharing of information across agencies regarding concerns with vulnerable children. Good practice included the provision of help to parents and children as and when was needed, timely responses, early thought and preparation, and accurately assessing the source of the risk. In order to properly assess a childs risk, a multiagency approach is required in order to gain a comprehensive assessment of the child’s needs. Every professional involved in providing a service to children has a duty to ensure their safety and promote psychological wellbeing. In order to do so profe ssionals must share information when there are concerns about a child’s presentation in order to gain a comprehensive assessment of a child’s needs. Every Child Matters is a UK Government initiative for England and Wales launched in 2003, partly in response to the death of Victoria Climbie. It is one of the most important policy initiatives and development programmes in relation to children and children’s services. It has been the title of 3 Government papers, which lead to the Children Act 2004. The main aims of Every Child Matters are for every child, whatever their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: stay safe, healthy, enjoy and achieve, economic wellbeing, and positive contribution. Each of these themes have a detailed framework attached whose outcomes require multiagency partnerships working together to achieve. Every Child Matters advocates that it is essential that all professionals working with children are aware of the contribution that could be made by their own and each other’s service and plan and deliver their work accordingly (Baker R 2009). Every Child Matters has been infl uential throughout the UK-Getting it Right for Every Child is the equivalent approach in Scotland. The Scottish Government recently published Getting It Right for Every Child  (GIRFEC), which was designed to create a consistent, child-centred approach within and across the agencies who are involved with children and young people. Getting it right for every child is being threaded through all existing policy, practice, strategy and legislation affecting children, young people and their families. GIRFEC uses the Wellbeing Wheel (Appendix 1) or the SHANARRI indicators as they’re often referred to, in order to create a consistent way for professionals in multi-agencies to assess a child’s development and general wellbeing. SHANARRI is an acronym for the eight indicators (Safe, Healthy, Achieving, Nurtured, Active, Respected, Responsible, Included) used to make the evaluation of a child’s welfare in order to help them develop their full potential. It is important that everyone is assessing the same aspects of a child’s wellbeing using their own unique professional training and skills by using these indicators as guidance. This allows all agencies involved to have the same shared understanding of a child’s needs and the support they require. The Scottish Government values the purpose of collaborative working and in order to do so effectively, there must be certain legislation inaugurated. The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 is a child-centred piece of legislation that outlines the provisions offered to children and families and the duties of the local authorities to children’s wellbeing regarding support, safeguarding and intervention. The act emphasizes the importance of the child’s welfare and gives the child the right to have their views considered, when key decisions are being made about their life, incorporating UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It is law that all agencies must adhere to th is act when working with children and families requiring additional needs, ensuing successful multi-agency working. The Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 was established to create regulations to which all social care services must adhere to in order to improve and maintain a high quality of care, otherwise they are no longer permitted to provide a service. With Care Inspectorate, the regulatory body ensuring that all care services are following the National Care Standards set by the Scottish Government, it’s easy to see how encouraging everyone to offer the same high quality of care can support collaborative working by sharing knowledge, skills and practice. â€Å"A well-qualified, professional workforce is the most important factor in delivering the quality of services that will give children the best possible  start in life.† (QAA Scotland) The Benchmark Statements for Childhood Practice outlines the expectations from SSSC and ensures that lead practitioners in childcare settings are qualified to high standard and competent in working collaboratively with parents, families a nd other agencies. As previously discussed, when agencies do not work collaboratively there can be devasting impacts which in extreme cases can contribute to fatality which is highlighted by the Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report, 2002-3. Victoria Climbie died in the intensive care unit of St Mary’s Hospital Paddington in February 2000, aged 8 years old. Her death was caused by multiple injuries arising from months of ill-treatment and abuse by her great-aunt and her partner. Victoria’s death led to a public enquiry and produced major changes in child protection policies. One of the recommendations from the fatal accident enquiry was that society should be aiming to ensure that there are systems in place which detect what is happening at an early stage so as to be able to intervene successfully to protect the child. This tragically did not happen for Victoria. She was failed comprehensively by all the services she was known to and who should have ultimately protected her. Despite repeated contacts with different services, no proper assessment was ever undertaken, and no more was known about Victoria when she died than was known about her the day after she arrived in the country. The very fact that her case was closed by Haringey Social Services the day she died points to the scale of failure. So too does the fact that the authorities charged with her care almost without exception failed to talk to Victoria directly, instead addressing their concerns to those responsible ultimately for her death. Peter Connelly (also known as the case of baby P) was a 17month old baby who died in London after suffering over 50 injuries in an 8month time period, during which time he was repeatedly seen by Haringey Children’s Services and NHS health professionals. The case caused shock and concern partly because of the magnitude of Peter’s injuries, and partly because Peter had lived in the borough of Haringey, under the same child care authorities that had already failed 10 years earlier in the case of Victoria Climbe which had, as previously stated, led to a public enquiry resulting in measures being put in place in an effort to prevent similar cases happening. The child protection services of Haringey and other agencies were widely criticised. Following the conviction, 3 enquiries and a nationwide review of social service care were launched. Over the course of months, Peter was admitted to hospital with a range of injuries including bruising, scratches and swelling to the head. The serious case review concluded that there were instances of mishandling by officials, missed and delayed meetings, miscommunication among officials, and a failure to follow through with decisions related to the child’s safety. Parental involvement is high on the Scottish Government’s expectations and working within a community nursery run by a committee of parents requires a great deal of collaborative working in order for the nursery to run efficiently and effectively. Finding a balance of what parents want, what children need, while embracing the Curriculum for Excellence requires a great deal of expedient communication. It requires successful sharing of knowledge and skills between experienced parents and qualified practitioners. The most productive committee would ideally be influenced by Belbin’s team role theory, however finding volunteers to be on such a committee can be difficult. Working collaboratively with agencies such a Visual Screening and Oral Health can have tremendous benefits to children’s wellbeing, is essential in promoting a healthy lifestyle and can offer preventative interventions. Working with other agencies such as Speech and Language Therapists and Educational Psychologists requires a great deal of integrated and collaborative working also and with the introduction of standardised referral forms has helped to establish consistency in information gathering which is a step towards more collaborative working, however working in such a small nursery, communications with these agencies can be infrequent and having such little experience dealing with these agencies, st aff can sometimes lack confidence and knowledge how to fill out paperwork and follow procedures. A suggestion would be to offer more in-house training regarding these procedures to ensure that when issues do arise staff feel competent in dealing with these situations. The importance of transitions for children going to school seems to be high on the local authorities’ agenda. There are many initiatives that would be highly beneficial to children but trying to obtain the involvement of other nurseries can sometimes be difficult. Poor communication and incapability to participate can be an obstacle often hard to overcome due to  other establishments’ finances, staffing issues and in some cases the unwillingness to take part. Attending liaison meetings with other nurseries to share knowledge, ideas and information is a great source of collaborative practice, but again this requires the willingness to be involved. One of the biggest barriers in collaborative working is poor communication. It is everyone’s role to ensure that as much information is shared with all agencies involved, the importance of this cannot be stressed enough. How little knowledge some professionals have regarding the roles of others can also be a hindrance. In order to improve collaborative working an increased awareness of the roles and responsibilities of other agencies is imperative. Reference List A Guide to GIRFEC, Scottish Government, 2013 Baker R, 2009, Making Sense of Every Child Matters – Multi-professional Practice Guidance, Policy Press Early Years Framework, Scottish government, Edinburgh, 2008 Every Child Matters, Sept 2003. www.everychildmatters.gov.uk House of Commons Health Committee: The Victoria Climbie Inquiry Report, 2002-3 It’s everyone’s job to make sure I’m alright, Report of the child protection audit and review. Scottish Government, 2002 The Case of Child A. Haringey council, 2008, 11-12 The Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education, The Standard for Childhood Practice, 2007, Linney Direct, Mansfield The Structure of Belbin’s Team Roles. Fisher et al, 1998, Journal of Occupational and Organisational psychology, 71, 283-288

Night Terrors

An article by Ph. D John Cline has help me to come to believe otherwise. There was a situation In which a woman woke up to her sleeping husband's fists. Indeed the husband was sleep but far away from peace. The husband was experiencing a night terror. A night terror is far worse than a bad dream, a night terror is when someone wakes up screaming and in some cases they act out their dream.In this case the husband acted out his dream; however, his actions occurred unknowingly. His wife screamed his name for him to stop, this of hich woke him up. These events didn't stop there so the husband decided to seek professional help. upon being appointed to a sleep specialist he learned about Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. He quickly learned that he was suffering from a very rare disorder. About 0. 38 percent of the general population and about . 50 percent face this disorder.This disorder is also known as RBD his class of which is known as parasomnias. Parasomnias are unwanted phy sical events dealing with sleep. RBD happens to blend with Rapid eye movement. In the sense of this disorder the person's body is paralyzed and intense and colorful dreams occur. This sleep disorder is most common to men over the age of fifty years of age; however, Its possible for anyone to have this disorder but theyre not as Ilkely. Many sleep dfferent disorders associate with each other such as this one and sleep apnea in relation to rapid eye movement.R8N happens to also be associate to Parkinson's disease. There are Whitehead 2 many sleep disorders that can effect our sleep. This of which happens to be important because sleep Is Important to use as humans. Sleep can determine how health one can be mentally and physically. The Importance of sleep speaks for itself n fact, we do spend one-third of our life sleeping. I chose this article because everyone sleeps but, who says that we have to be at peace while doing it? I couldnt possible picture life without sleep.Honestly, I thin k life would be entirely too long and tiring without it. I also wanted to know more about this disorder for future references. Psychologically this article covers REM which happens to be the movement of the eye as someone dreams. In addition, I believe that our society would be pleased to know this disorder Is not a common one. This article was great in terms of knowledge of the disorder. I would have maybe even njoyed reading this article on my free and not Just for class purposes.In reading this article Ive learned that I am at a greater risk in having this disorder than the general population. To sum things up, never take your recommended six-eight hours for granted, because you never know when things could start to go bump in the night for you. Night Terrors By tiequeisha Jones me to come to believe otherwise. There was a situation in which a woman woke up to Upon being appointed to a sleep specialist he learned about Rapid Eye Movement however, its possible for anyone to have t his disorder but theyre not as likely.Many sleep different disorders associate with each other such as this one and sleep apnea in relation to rapid eye movement. RBN happens to also be associate to Parkinson's important because sleep is important to use as humans. Sleep can determine how health one can be mentally and physically. The importance of sleep speaks for itself peace while doing it? I couldn't possible picture life without sleep. Honestly, I think that our society would be pleased to know this disorder is not a common one. This this article IVe learned that I am at a greater risk in having this disorder than the

The Future of Nursing Essay - 1053 Words

The Future of Nursing Being a registered nurse affords one the option of working in many diverse healthcare settings. In any practice setting the climate of health care change is evident. There are diverse entities involved in the implementation and recommendation of these practice changes. These are led by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), nursing campaign for action initiatives, as well as individual state-based action coalitions. Nurses need to be prepared and cognizant of the transformations occurring in health care settings as well as the plans that put them at the forefront of the future. Committee of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Several years ago in 2008 the RWJF and the†¦show more content†¦The second guideline outlines the need for nurses with higher degrees and competencies. This pursuit of higher education must be seamless. The third suggestion stresses the need to be equal partners in designing the future of healthcare. Nurses must be part of the solution to health care reform. Fourthly, there is a need for accurate numbers of health care workers available. With this data accurate projections can be made. These facts must be provided on a state level as well as regional (Institute of Medicine, 2010). For the nursing workforce, the IOM Future of Nursing report is of great importance. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is an advocate of the IOM’s report. The report is consistent with ANA’s recommendations and goals and highlights the importance to nursing to continually advance the profession. Furthermore, the ANA agrees with the emphasis and significance placed on the need for nurses to be owners of leadership roles within the health care setting (American Nurses Association, n.d.). The report is relevant for all people and never loses sight of the patient as the center of care and most importantly is based on evidence (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, n.d.b). The Campaign for Action was derived with the intent to continue the efforts and to further the advancement of the objectives of theShow MoreRelatedThe Future of Nursing966 Words   |  4 PagesThe Future of Nursing In 2010 the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJK), a subsidiary of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), issued a report on nursing called, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, (http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursig-Leadership-Change-Advancing-Health.aspx). According to the IOM official website, (http://www.iom.edu/), â€Å"†¦the IOM provides independent, objective, evidence-based advice to policy makers, health professional, the private sectorRead MoreThe Future of Nursing999 Words   |  4 PagesFUTURE OF NURSING * SUTHA FERNANDO – DATE: 12-23-2012 GRAND CANYAN UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT The Institute of Medicine has thoroughly analyzed the Future of Nursing and submitted report. 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According to this article nursing will have to change it role in the ACA and the three main categories that need to be changed and redeveloped is transforming practice, education and leadership. â€Å"The ACA outlines some new health care arrangements, and with these structures will come new opportunities for new rolesRead MoreThe Future of Nursing1181 Words   |  5 PagesThe Future of Nursing Grand Canyon University NRS-440V 3.24.13 Introduction This paper will discuss various aspect of the future of health care focusing on the future of how nursing will play an ever-important role in the reformation of health care. Presentation regarding, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the future of nursing, at the Institute of Medicine report entitled, â€Å"Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health,† will help set the stage for this paper. Discussion

English “Speak” Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 856 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: School Essay Did you like this example? Alex Volkov Per. 3 English â€Å"Speak† Essay Melinda escaped her tough times by going to her art class. She was assigned to draw and sculpt trees. Her art had a really strong connection with her personal feelings throughout the book. Melinda goes through tough times and her problems show in her art. In her first phase (the confused phase) she really isn’t sure of her art assignment. This is similar to her life, because on her first day of high school she wasn’t sure of what clan she was going to be in. She is just getting used to her tree making assignment in art class. Also as she starts high school she is just getting used to how things work. The scariest period of Melinda’s art was the â€Å"dead period†, where all of the trees she made looked dead or dying. This is the most traumatic part of the story because here Melinda’s spirit starts dying. Some big examples are her constant truancies, her in school suspensions, her lack o f words, her falling grades, and her lack of respect for authority. Melinda really doesn’t care about her life here and it shows through her art. Her final stage is the feelings stage, where she really lets her feelings pour into her art giving her a much better project. In this part of the story she tells Rachel that she got raped. She shows her feelings, when throughout the entire story she never could. This stage is the climax of the story and is where Melinda really shows that she is going to make it through this difficult time. Finally at the end of the book Melinda makes her masterpiece and overcomes bad times and heals. Symbolism-Trees In art class, Melinda learns how to express her emotions. Her art teacher, Mr. Freeman explains, â€Å"Art without emotion is like chocolate cake without sugar. It makes you gag. † He helps her to communicate her emotions through art instead of keeping them inside of herself. The tree is symbolic of Melinda’s personal ity and life and is one of the main things that helps Melinda cope with her emotions in the novel. It also provides a way for Melinda to deal with the rape. Throughout the novel, Melinda little by little becomes better at drawing the tree, which is symbolic of her search to find her identity and her emotional recovery. In the beginning of the novel, Melinda feels dead, so she focuses on dead trees. She comments, â€Å"I can feel the wind blow and hear the mockingbird whistling on the way back to her nest. But when I try to carve it, it looks like a dead tree, toothpicks, a child’s drawing. I can’t bring it to life. † She is able to visualize what she will be like when she can be more open but is not able to fully make the change yet. She also says, â€Å"For a solid week after the pep rally, I’ve been painting watercolors of trees that have been hit by lightning. I try to paint them so they are nearly dead, but not totally. She is upset about what hap pened at the pep rally, so she feels like she is almost to the point of death. Melinda is able to show this through her paintings of the trees. Her expression through art is progressing at this point. When the tree is torn down in front of Melinda’s house, she says, â€Å"He is killing the tree. He’ll only leave the stump. The tree is dying. There’s nothing to do or say. We watch in silence as the tree crashes piece by piece to the damp ground. † Melinda feels that she can identify with the tree, and she feels sad that it must die. She is also scared that the tree representing her will fall and crash onto the ground like this tree. Throughout the novel, Melinda strives to draw the tree that represents herself and her emotions, at the same time mending the scars that Andy Evans has caused. By the end of the novel, Melinda finds a way to begin again and bring the tree to life. She says, â€Å"My tree is definitely breathing; little shallow breaths like it just shot up through the ground this morning. The new growth is the best part. † The picture of the tree becomes a picture of Melinda by the end of the story. In the last scene of the novel, Melinda is finally able to overcome her emotions about the night she was raped and paint the tree. She says, â€Å"I look at my homely sketch. It doesn’t need anything. Even through the river in my eyes I can see that. It isn’t perfect and that makes it just right. † She comes to realize at this point the significance of the tree she has been determined to represent properly throughout the story and that it was meant to be a portrait of her and her healing, not a tree at all. The symbolism of the tree adds a new depth to the story. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "English â€Å"Speak† Essay" essay for you Create order

Ethics and Live Tissue Training - 1679 Words

The Ethical Dilemma of Live Tissue Training in the Military Environment By Aaron Smith 22 September 2012 Thesis: Over the past 11 years to date, the United States has endured almost 8000 casualties from two major conflicts (iCasualties.org, 2012). Although this number is staggering, we have also seen soldiers surviving injuries that were previously fatal (Philpott, 2005). This increase in survivability is largely due to the advancements in medical research and applied training. When it comes to military trauma, our warrior medics should be equipped with the most realistic training attainable. Although several simulation aids are used to provide this training, other methods such as live tissue training are still employed. In†¦show more content†¦In a recent media source, PETA defended their stance, stating, â€Å"they can drug an animal up, but they are sentient creatures that still feel pain and fear by being treated as a disposable commodity† (Gordon, 2009). The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) agrees with PETA stating, â€Å"Because widely va lidated and accepted non-animal alternatives for chemical casualty management and combat trauma training courses exist, there is no justification for the use of live animals for these training purposes† (PCRM). Stakeholder Analysis: There are several individuals and organizations affected by this ethical dilemma. First and foremost are the casualties down range. Having highly trained personnel ready to treat and manage wounds on the battlefield is paramount in the survivability of these injured soldiers. Is the potential increase in fatalities on the battlefield justified by the elimination of live tissue training for warrior medics? When it comes to this life-versus-life assessment, which way is the â€Å"most ethical† choice? Secondly, the medically trained personnel must be taken into consideration. Without the most realistic training available, combat medics will not be as prepared to properly assess and treat casualties. A Marine Corps Staff Sergeant is quoted in saying, â€Å"I can honestly say that the military training that I received did not prepare me nearly as well as the live tissue training. I had toShow MoreRelatedEthics Is Defined As â€Å"The Branch Of Philosophy That Seeks1630 Words   |  7 PagesEthics is defined as â€Å"the branch of philosophy that seeks to understand the nature, justification, purposes, and founding principles of moral rules and the systems they compromise† (Pozgar, 2016, p. 3). Ethics deals with the â€Å"values relating to human contact specifically focusing on the rightness and wrongness of an action, along with the goodness and badness of motives and its ends† (Pozgar, 2016, p. 3). Ethics is studied to help us make sound judgments, right choices , and good decisions. It isRead MoreMedical Field That Deals With The Medical Care Of Babies, Children, Adolescents, And Young Adults821 Words   |  4 Pagesintended that this field would specialize in physiology, mental, emotional, and social structure of a child. In 1948 Dr. John Enders, Drs. Thomas H. Weller, and Dr. Frederick C. Robbin studied and tested the poliovirus on tissue. They soon successfully grew poliovirus in tissue culture. In 1952 Dr. Roland Scott was the very first African American Pediatrician was elected to the APS. Dr. Roland Scott was the professor of pediatrics at Howard University. In 1952 James Watson and Francis Crick discoveredRead MoreThe Debate Over Stem Cells And Cloning1398 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent diseases like heart disease. Scientists use cell cloning to make duplicates of biological material. https://stemcells.nih.gov/ says â€Å"Stem cells are unspecialized. One of the fundamental properties of a stem cell is that it does not have any tis sue-specific structures that allow it to perform specialized functions. For example, a stem cell cannot work with its neighbors to pump blood through the body (like a heart muscle cell), and it cannot carry oxygen molecules through the bloodstream (likeRead MorePrevention of a Surgical Site Infection1563 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary to present well-documented presentation. This presentation would entail dangers relative to the surgical site infection and the need to eliminate or minimize the menace from the society. The process would involve presentation of data of lives lost because of surgical site infection, probable ways of minimizing the problem and number of cases the event affects or occurs within the existence of human beings. This presentation would occur under well-organized meeting by the organization. DuringRead MoreThe History and Career Outlooks of Geriatric Nursing Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesolder adult population about ways to decrease the risk of certain dis orders. Geriatric nursing act as managers during their everyday practice. Engage in counseling, communication, collaboration and teaching in a manner and reflects caring, advocacy, ethics, and professional standards. The nurses balance out their concerns with the patient, family, nursing and the rest of the team of nurses. Nurses have to be skilled in leadership, time management, building relationship, communication, and managing changeRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Animal Welfare Movement Essay1727 Words   |  7 Pagesanimals is still illegal in eighty percent of the world. Artificial tissue that is grown in a laboratory has proved to provide better results on how likely a contact dermatitis on a person will happen compared to animal testing (Cole, 2015). Human tissue can be donated or used after a person death, with the tissue that is donated they use it to make skin and eye models that are made from reconstituted human skin and other tissue. This development has replaced the cruel rabbit irritation test (AlternativesRead MoreOrgan Donation1787 Words   |  8 PagesOrgan Donation Tanecia Carter HCA 322 Health Care Ethics Medical Law Instructor: Instructor: Susan Vellek August 5, 2013 Organ Donation The process of taking functional organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another individual is called organ donation. Whereas, any part of the body that performs a different and special function is referred to as an organ. Transplantation takes places quiteRead More Career in Dentistry Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesmany tasks and a strict code of ethics that dentists must master. What do dentists do? The best definition of dentists’ duties, according to Hopke, an American writer who wrote an educational book about various careers is, â€Å"Dentists attempt to maintain their clients’ teeth through such preventive and reparative practices as extracting, filling, cleaning, or replacing teeth.† Dentists perform corrective work such as straightening teeth and treating diseased tissue of the gums. These tasks are sometimesRead MoreAyten Pamuk. K. Goldsmith. Exhibition. 28 February 2017.1124 Words   |  5 Pagesanimals are treated’’ (â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi Quotes†). Right now, thousands of mice, rats, rabbits, primates, cats, dogs, and many other animals are living in barren cages in laboratories across the country. They scream in pain, suffer from frustration , live in loneliness, and want to be free. They can feel pain and suffer unlike what some people think (â€Å"Animals Used in Education†). 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Oil Prices And The Ngative Interest Rate â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disacuss About The Oil Prices And The Ngative Interest Rate? Answer: Introducation Now problem is that, the payment is to be made in three month time, and there is a risk of volatility in Post-Brexit issue (separation of British market from European Union). Lot of investor and analyst remarks that, due to Post-Brexit, if it is hard-Brexit, the market for gold will soared i.e. it will move upward. The reason behind this believes is that, investor will pull money from stock market and banks and reinvest into safe heaven instead. They will look for real money such as gold and silver(Al-Joundi, 2012). In other word, if the foreign currency is depreciated, it will be advantageous for Real Rinto to pay after specified period In this condition it is clear that price of gold will move up from $1300 / ounces, in this condition, Real Rinto should obtain future contract. As given in question Real Rinto has obtained the forward rate/bid offer quote for Australian dollar per pound which is 1.72/50 as provided data for three month The requirement for Real Rinto = 1000 oz Contract price as given = USD 1300 / ounces, The given price reveals that bid price will be =1.7200 AUD and Ask price will be 1.7250 i.e. we can buy at 1GBP at the price of 1.725 AUD Based on the above calculation, Real Rinto has to receive 1040000 * 1.72 = AUD 1788800 Ans. Advantage of this method is, Hedging itself gives a safe protection of volatility of market, and as given market is unexpected against the future. The Brexit condition given in problem, there is huge chances of falling pound in Britain economy; therefore, Gold is safe haven for investor. Disadvantage- If Post-Brexit, market takes boom, the Real Rinto has to lose money. Perfect hedging is very rare thing, difference may occur due to lot size From last four years, Japan is in regular news and attention than any other countries which was under reform in economic policy, after return as a second time of liberal Democratic Party and retaking as a prime minister oath of Shinzo Abe, itself attracted media in 2013. But out of this prime ministership and party politics, there is one more thing which has grab attention towards Japan, and it is bold action regarding economic reforms that has been planned for Japans future economic policy. The policy is coined as Abenomics. Before this policy revival, Japan as a country also tried fiscal stimulus with government expense, but in this policy public debt is enormously increased and finally failed ((Tay, 2013). The proposed policy consists of three sub policy, which is also named as three arrows, these comes as headlines of aggressive monetary policy which relates to high expense and financial leverage for public which tasked under first arrow, The second arrow consists of Expansion of fiscal policy which is highly useful for financial transaction in short term and after that financial amalgamation of policy related issue for target of mid-term. The third arrow consists of reformation of infrastructure which is related with economic structure of Japan, this arrow also consist of redesigning the regulation, optimising the productivity, and sustaining the competitiveness of the economic system. From the above three arrow it was also analysed that it is an attempts to assemble the pieces of Keynesian, Monetary and Neoclassical policies, initially these policies are states as conflicting to each other. The first two arrows is clear explanation of neo-Keynesian and last arrow heading similar to neoliberal policy provided by PM Koizumi(Miguel, 2017). The various researchers and economist like Al-Joundi, Anon, Bukowski, Bingham, Brigham, Anon, Greenwood, Hosomizu, Le-chevalier, Miguel, Pritchard, Pritchard and finally Tay, have given their opinion periodically, my criticism is based on these researchers article. Most of the common criticism on these articles is that, this kind of policy is not new to the world, American have already given reform in response of global financial crisis, as discussed earlier, Japan itself tried similar policy during Koizumi, that is why this reform is also doubtful, because all above stated similar policies is also not very fruitful. For the initialization of first arrow, The Bank of Japan declared its quantitative easing, its ambition and size of effort is bigger than previous policy. Due to double money circulation yen is depreciating continuously over the past year i.e. 16% as compared to dollar. We can take another example as Thailand, Japanese automaker are making regional base to this countries and also has strong export coordination. Due to depreciation of yen Japan exporting their auto part at much cheaper price. A weaker yen is still has more economical impact on Thailand. This same condition is also for other Asian countries(Long, 2013). The effect of second arrow policy is clearly seems ineffective, because there is increase in domestic demand of the country, the outcome of this demand reveals that this will not benefitted for Japans Export partners. Declined Yen also affect at this point, the import of good for Japan will become costlier, in this this way they will buy fewer foreign goods and export from other countries to Japan may go down with time(Bobowski, 2016). The policy like Abenomics is trying to encourage more production from Japanese companies, but fact is that they cannot absorb all the funding from Japanese government; this is because labour and production cost also moving northward. Some other Asian countries are also interested in making setup is other countries, followed by Japan which is keen to tap this kind of opportunity, Chuo Shinkansen rail project is one of the example which is being started to establish in India. The Nihonjins (Japanese people) are desperate the achieve this project is that, they have given loan of 50 million yen to establish Chuo Shinkansen rail project, in this way, there is chances of overcome the depreciated yen value to some extent(Yoshino, 2016). Earlier it seems that, result was good, the first quarter of economy after implementing Abenomics, there was growth of 4.1 % and rise in stock market is about 80%, but on the burden of public debt which is around 250%, but we have to see that making quantifiable easiness of public finance can last for a long time or not(Bringham, 2017). The implementation of third arrow is not seems to be more than apparent, the infrastructure for economic policy was also not up to the required level. We can take example for employment rate. In 2016 21 % of men and 55 % of women are employed on irregular basis, which means they are either on contract, seasonal or low paid basis, Job security goes down in in last two decades and after 2013 it is worse. Policy and implementation which is facilitated as restricted access to social benefit, the further result of poor humans resources policy slowdown the productivity in Japan Industries, the Global market scenario also discouraged the Japanese companies in invest in human capital, which was an important sources of competitive advantage earlier(Greenwood, 2017). There is no doubt that, poor macroeconomic scenario discourage industries to hire more staff as compared to fast growth scenario, especially if it a concern of full time employment. In 1997, there is only 15% of working people are under the contract Job i.e. irregular employment, but in 2015 it is increased to 39 percent, which is more than twice of 1997 date, this figure is as per report given by Japan ministry of health and labour and welfare(Hosomizu, 2016). The shooting of third arrow policy, also named as womenomics by some critics, this is due to the reason that giving opportunity for female worker in Job, this is good for countries were female labour are less in market, but in case of Japan, there are 67% female worker are sharing their hand with male worker which is supposed to be good ratio for a developed countries, if it is increased there is chance of male will lack some opportunity in any sector. Labour market reform is good manifestation for any developed countries, but we have to careful about imbalance will not deepened by giving extra attention to any particular gender(Iacoviello, 2016). Conclusion It is a global truth that, every coin has two faces, if we only look for one side, we cannot judge properly about all of the aspects of any coin. The Abenomics is also having similar characteristics as coins, We have to look entire parameter for judging any kind of countries policies, definitely there is slow progress which is not expected but, its seems to be steady also. Rome was not built in a day. The financial reform by implementing this policy takes time, and we have to wait for some time for good result(Mandel, 2016) References Abe, S, 2017, ABENOMICS. Japan Sharing Tomorrow, 1(1), pp. 1-12. Al-Joundi, A, 2012, Detailed Look at Gold Hedging. 1(1), pp. 24-30. Bobowski, S, 2016, Abenomics and challnges of the labour market. International Days of Statistics and Economics, 1(1), pp. 1-10. Bringham, E, 2017, Fundamentals of Financial Management. 9e ed. Boston: Cengage Learning. Greenwood, J, 2017, Quarterly Economic Outlook. Invesco, 1(1), pp. 1-10. Hosomizu, M, 2016, A Long-Term Bull Market Is Underway. White Papers, 1(1), pp. 1-15. Iacoviello, M, 2016, Raising an inflation target. European Economic Review, 1(1), pp. 1-21. Lechevalier, S, 2016, Abenomics: Has it worked? Will it fail?. Studies SOcial Science, 1(1), pp. 1-21. Long, G, 2013, Abenomics and Economic Growth. Japan Office, 1(1), pp. 1-11. Mandel, M., 2016, Japans Mobile Policy. Radically pragmatic, 1(1), pp. 1-16. Miguel, P., 2017, Abenomics Importance. Development Studies, 1(1), pp. 1-33. Pritchard, C, 2015, Risk Management: Concept and Guidance. 5th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Tay, S., 2013, Abenomics the Future of the Japanese Economy. Japan Spotlight, 5(1), pp. 1-4. Yoshino, N, 2016, Decline in oil prices and the ngative interest rate. ADBI Working Paper Series, 1(60), pp. 1-20.